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1.
Ren Fail ; 45(1): 2163903, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36637019

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Thiazide diuretics are first-line drugs for the treatment of hypertension, but hypertension treatment guidelines have systematically discouraged their use in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). For the first time, a systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis were performed to assess the effectiveness of thiazides and thiazide-like diuretics to treat hypertension in patients with stages 3b, 4, and 5 CKD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: A systematic review and random-effects meta-analysis that included a literature search using the following databases were performed: MEDLINE through PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) through the Cochrane Library, Embase, and ISI - Web of Science (all databases). Prospective studies that evaluated the effectiveness of thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics in individuals with a GFR < 45 mL/min/1.73 m2 were included. RESULTS: Five clinical trials, totaling 214 participants, were included, and the mean GFR ranged from 13.0 ± 5.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 to 26.8 ± 8.8 mL/min/1.73 m2. There was evidence of a reduction in mean blood pressure and in GFR, as well as in fractional sodium excretion and fractional chloride excretion. CONCLUSION: Thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics seem to maintain their effectiveness in lowering blood pressure in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. These findings should spur new prospective randomized trials and spark discussions, particularly about upcoming hypertension guidelines.


Assuntos
Hipertensão , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Humanos , Diuréticos/farmacologia , Diuréticos/uso terapêutico , Tiazidas/uso terapêutico , Tiazidas/farmacologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Pressão Sanguínea , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/complicações , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/tratamento farmacológico
2.
Educ. med. super ; 30(3): 515-533, jul.-set. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-828675

RESUMO

Introducción: el climaterio es un periodo especial en la vida de la mujer por lo que debe recibir un trato diferenciado en la Atención en Salud. Para tanto, el proceso de formación de médicos debe ofrecer prácticas que aborden, de manera específica esta situación. Objetivo: analizar prácticas en Unidades de Salud da Familia en relación con las competencias generales a cerca de las mujeres en climaterio. Métodos: fue un estudio cuantitativo, se tuvo como sujetos los alumnos de la escuela de medicina. La fuente de información utilizada en el estudio fue un instrumento de percepción de tipo Likert. Resultados: los resultados mostraron que las prácticas posibilitaron el desarrollo de competencias cognitivas y parte de las competencias técnicas necesarias para la atención a las mujeres en climaterio. Fueron encontradas limitaciones en la oportunidad de los avances para habilidades tales como: la realización del examen físico general, ginecológico y citopatológico; orientación sobre nutrición y factores de riesgo, tales como alcohol y tabaco, así como la discusión de la indicación de la terapia de reemplazo hormonal para esta fase de la mujer. La dimensión integrativa relacional apareció como el área más crítico de la etapa. En esta dimensión es muy visible la limitación de entorno multidisciplinar para el cuidado de las mujeres en el climaterio y la capacidad de integrar los datos epidemiológicos, tendencias y riesgos para la toma de decisiones. Conclusiones: estos resultados demuestran que aunque hay señales de ruptura con los paradigmas tradicionales de la formación médica, las grandes oportunidades de práctica médica en las Unidades de Salud da Familia, junto a la mujer en climaterio, son todavía centradas sobre la cognición(AU)


Introduction: The climacteric is a special period in the life of the woman being that this should receive differential treatment in health care. For both, the process of training doctors should offer practices to address, specifically this situation. Objective: This study has the objective to know any limits on the USF stage in the development of general skills necessary to care for women during the climacteric. Method: This is a quantitative study, with the subjects of the boarding students of medical school. The source of information used in the study was an instrument of perception Likert. Results: The results showed that the stage has enabled the development of cognitive skills and some of the technical skills required to care for women during the climacteric. There were limitations on the opportunity to progress to skills such as conducting general physical examinations, gynecological and pap smear; nutrition guidance and risk factors such as alcohol and tobacco, as well as the discussion of the indication of hormone replacement therapy for this phase of the woman. Finally, the integrative-relational dimension proved to be the most critical area of the stage. This dimension is very visible limiting environment for multidisciplinary care for women in climacteric, and the ability to integrate epidemiological data, trends and risks to decision-making. Conclusion: These results show that although there are signs of a break with the traditional paradigms of medical education, the greatest opportunities for medical practice at Family Health Unit, near the women in climacteric, are still focused on cognition(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudantes de Medicina , Climatério , Educação Médica
3.
Rev. latinoam. psicol ; 48(2): 117-126, May-Aug. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-791372

RESUMO

Water is a key element for the human survival but unsustainable patterns of water consumption are still evident. Many factors influence water conservation but the existing literature investigating psychological determinants of water conservation have so far focused on cognitive or motivational factors. However, there is growing evidence for the important role of emotions as predictors of environmental engagement in general and water conservation in particular. The present article contributes to this recognition of the role of emotions by reporting two studies on the development and validation of a measure to access negative emotions regarding water wastage, the Rating Scale of Emotions towards Water Wastage (RSEWW). Results confirmed that this 12-item scale form a unidimensional measure that reliably predict participants' behavioral intention to participate in activities for the water conservation. Theoretical and practical implications from the findings are discussed in relation to the extant literature.


El agua es un elemento clave para la supervivencia humana, pero los patrones no sostenibles de consumo de agua siguen siendo evidentes. Muchos factores influyen en la conservación del agua, pero la literatura existente que investiga los determinantes psicológicos de la conservación del agua, hasta el momento, se han centrado en los factores cognitivos o motivacionales. Sin embargo, existe una creciente evidencia de la importancia del papel de las emociones como predictores de la participación en la conservación del medio ambiente en general y del agua en particular. El presente articulo contribuye a este reconocimiento del papel de las emociones en la exposición de 2 estudios sobre el desarrollo y validación de una medida para acceder a las emociones negativas con respecto a desperdicio de agua, la Escala de Evaluación de las Emociones hacia el Desperdicio de Agua (Rating Scale of Emotions towards Water Wastage [RSEWW]). Los resultados confirmaron que esta escala de 12 items forma una medida unidimensional que prevé de manera fiable la intención de conducta de los participantes para intervenir en las actividades para la conservación de agua. Implicaciones teóricas y prácticas de los hallazgos se discuten en relación con la literatura existente.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Água , Desperdício de Água , Emoções , Sobrevida , Elementos Químicos
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